What symptom is associated with cedar-apple rust on evergreen hosts?

• A. Small, woody galls on evergreen stems
• B. Chlorotic leaves with purple margins
• C. Brown rot on fruit
• D. Root lesions

Answer: (A)

Cedar-apple rust has a two-host life cycle, involving an evergreen host (like a juniper or cedar) and a deciduous host (such as apple). On the evergreen host, the disease appears as small, hard, woody galls that form on the stems. These galls persist year after year and, in wet spring conditions, produce orange, gelatinous tendrils that release spores to infect apples. The other listed symptoms—chlorotic leaves with purple margins, brown rot on fruit, and root lesions—are not characteristic of cedar-apple rust on evergreen hosts. Therefore, the symptom most associated with cedar-apple rust on evergreen hosts is the presence of small, woody galls on evergreen stems.